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How to find buyers and suppliers, read HS codes and customs data, choose delivery terms, get paid safely and ship. Written by a consultant who does this work every day, with official sources.
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Customs records, trade fairs, B2B marketplaces, trade missions, LinkedIn, ads and distributors compared; how to find buyers in customs records and write a first message that gets a reply.
What a customs or bill of lading record contains, how it differs from trade statistics, six steps to find buyers with it, and the limits you should plan for.
Five steps to find candidate countries with Trade Map, compare them on import volume, growth, competitors and price, and narrow them down to a shortlist of 3–5 markets.
All guides
Customs records, trade fairs, B2B marketplaces, trade missions, LinkedIn, ads and distributors compared; how to find buyers in customs records and write a first message that gets a reply.
What a customs or bill of lading record contains, how it differs from trade statistics, six steps to find buyers with it, and the limits you should plan for.
Six sources of importers lists compared, seven checks to run before you use one, and how to work a list so it brings replies instead of bounces.
Five steps to find candidate countries with Trade Map, compare them on import volume, growth, competitors and price, and narrow them down to a shortlist of 3–5 markets.
What each part of the code means, how the 6-digit HS code relates to EU, US and other national codes, four steps to the right code, and why a wrong code ruins a buyer search.
What you need before your first export, nine steps from choosing a market to collecting payment, and the mistakes first-time exporters make most often.
From EXW to DDP: where the risk passes, who pays freight and insurance, and who handles customs under each of the 11 rules, in one table; plus four steps to choose the right rule.
When risk passes under FOB, who pays which cost, how an FOB price is built, and why the ICC recommends FCA for container shipments.
Why risk passes at the port of shipment under CIF and CFR, how much the CIF insurance covers, how a CIF price is built, and why CIP and CPT are recommended for containers.
What a proforma invoice is used for, how it differs from a commercial invoice, the 12 details it should include, and sample proforma lines.
The three functions of a bill of lading, straight, to-order and bearer types, the fields to check on the draft, the full set of originals and when a telex release is safe.
Preferential and non-preferential origin, what a certificate of origin, EUR.1, invoice declaration and A.TR each do, who issues them, and which one trade with Türkiye needs.
The parties to a letter of credit, how it works step by step, confirmed, deferred, transferable and revolving credits, and the document discrepancies that put exporters’ payments at risk.
How sea, air and road freight are calculated: FCL and LCL with W/M, volumetric weight in air cargo, loading metres, the surcharges on top, and four steps to compare quotes.
Inside and door dimensions, volume, maximum payload and pallet capacity of 20 ft, 40 ft and 40 ft high cube containers; choosing the right container and loading tips.
Ten steps from specification to delivery when buying from Turkish manufacturers: finding and checking suppliers, samples, payment, inspection, documents and ports.
Seven checks to run on a Turkish supplier before you pay: registration, premises, export history, capacity, certificates, references and bank details, with the red flags for each.
What landed cost includes, the formula, a worked example from factory price to warehouse, and five steps to compare suppliers by the cost that really reaches you.
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